![]() The fame of the town as a thriving place of commerce and the book trade reached a European readership in the 16th century through the famous Moorish diplomat Hassan al-Wazzan (also known as Leo Africanus) who was captured by Spanish corsairs and sent to Rome. One Timbuktu family, the Ka’tis, trace their descent to the Goths of Andalusia through an ancestor who left Granada in 1468 and settled in Timbuktu. They came from various cultures, including the Berber Sanhaja, the Soninke, the Manding Juula and Jakhanke, the Fulani, the Bambara and even the Visigoths of Spain. Two famous mosques of Timbuktu – the Jingere-Ber and Sankore – were also built in the 14th century together with other mosques, they became centres of scholarship and political administration carried out by scholar-families in the town.Īs an important intellectual centre, Timbuktu attracted learned men from all corners of the Islamic Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa. The name is written next to an image of king Mansa Musa enthroned and holding a gold nugget. The Catalan Atlas of Charles V of France gives the name of the town as tembuch. ![]() At the height of the ancient Malian kingdom in the 14th century, Timbuktu became known to Europeans through the fame of its rich supply of gold, which lay under the control of the King of Mali. ![]() The town saw the development and decline of the ancient African empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay, all of which contributed in various ways to the rich history of Timbuktu. Positioned at the crossroads of trans-Saharan trade routes, Timbuktu was actively involved in commercial exchanges between tropical and Mediterranean Africa. Timbuktu emerged in the 12th century as a trading town on the northern bend of the river Niger. Prospective continuing education students.Hamburg Center for University Teaching and Learning (HUL).Center for Interdisciplinary Studies and Academic Skills.Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability.The Cluster of Excellence Understanding Written Artefacts.The Cluster of Excellence Quantum Universe.Office of Affairs for Students with Disabilities or Chronic Diseases.Katalogplus – Catalogue of Hamburg Libraries.Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science.Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences.Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
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